Discovery of the most distant existing galaxy Dailytestpk

Discovery of the most distant existing galaxy

In 2015, astronomers discovered a galaxy named

GNZ-11 (GN-z11)

which is so far away that the light emitted from it has to travel 13.5 billion years to reach Earth. But what is so special about the behavior of the galaxy so far away? What does this mean for astronomers? And most importantly, why do astronomers want to direct the James Webb Space Telescope to this area?

The discovery of the first generation of stars and galaxies has been an important and sacred task in the field of astronomy. But the problem is that these galaxies are very blurry and very red shifted, meaning that the light emitted from them is shifted to the long, red end (part). As of 2022, GNZ11 was the oldest and most distant galaxy yet discovered in the observable universe. Light from this galaxy had to travel 13.5 billion light years. But now astronomers have discovered a new galaxy ten billion light-years away from GNZ-11. They named it HD1 and it is located in the pyramid of Sextans. However, HD One is a mystery in the galaxy.

First of all, the red color of this galaxy is due to redshift. Whenever the light source moves away from us, the wave of light emitted from it is stretched, which means that it increases towards the red end of the electromagnetic spectrum.

As the universe expands, galaxies in distant space undergo a red shift. According to Hubble's Law, the more distant the galaxy, the faster it will move away from us and the more redshift it will produce. Astronomers know how far away a galaxy is from the red shift. Light from HD1 takes 13.5 billion years to reach Earth. But the proper distance at the present time, which assumes the expansion of the universe, says that the universe has expanded for 33.4 light years, so the discovery of galaxies at such a distant distance was not such an easy task.

It includes four powerful optical and infrared telescopes, including the Subaru Telescope, the Vista Telescope, the UK Infrared Telescope and the Spitzer Space Telescope. Includes 12 hours of observation. Researchers had to search for HDV from more than 7 million bodies. Although HD One appears red, a detailed analysis of the galaxy's spectrum has revealed that it is extremely bright in the ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum. This means that very high-energy excited events are taking place in HD One, but it is not so easy to detect in this galaxy 13.5 billion light-years away. The researchers said, "It is equivalent to estimating the nationality from a flag waving in a storm and a lot of fog that will go away from the coast of a sea ship." One can see one of the colors or shapes of the flag but it is impossible to see it in its entirety, so it can be said that it is a long game of overlapping and unpredictable scenarios. However, the research team says that there can be two possibilities regarding the behavior of this ancient galaxy.

Or it could be a Herculean starburst galaxy or a very large quasar.

But how do astronomers explain these observations and what are the problems with these two diagrams?

A central ejecta galaxy is a galaxy in which the rate of star formation is surprisingly high.

The rate of star formation is an important part of galactic and extra-galactic astronomy. The process of ejection from the core is a phase of the evolution of a galaxy, which can be caused by various reasons. Until the interaction of the galaxies can cause radiation emitted from the central part of the galaxy, an example of this happened in the case of antennae galaxies.

These two galaxies have been merging for the last ten million years and the rate of star formation due to their interaction is incredibly high.

Astronomers calculated the number of stars that produce that much light from the blue regions, which show the most star formation activity, to 100 stars a year. That's 10 times more than you'd expect from that old galaxy.

One explanation, however, is that early-generation stars were much hotter and brighter than modern stars. If so, then we will be seeing the light coming from the stars called population III stars, these stars have no elements other than hydrogen and helium.

Another possibility is that this glow is due to a very large nebula. Clouds are the most powerful bodies in the universe. At the active center of this galaxy is a supermassive black hole whose nearby material is entering the black hole at such a rapid rate that the heat generated by it causes light to spread throughout the universe. left 

The researchers calculated the mass of the most massive black hole to produce the glow observed by HD One, and the results were startling. They found that the mass of the black hole should be ten million times more than the mass of the Sun. In terms of the time period we are talking about, this may be much more. The formation of such a massive black hole 33 million years after the Big Bang event seems strange.

But if it is in fact a fog, then it must have formed at an unprecedented rate. This is a major challenge for current Big Bang theories.

The researchers hope that the

James Webb Space Telescope

will be the perfect machine for future observations to delve into the early universe, revealing the secrets of this strange light behavior with advanced infrared capabilities.